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The Three-Self Patriotic Movement (, colloquially , the Three-Self Church) or TSPM is a Protestant church in the People's Republic of China, and one of the largest Protestant denominations. The National Committee of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China () and the China Christian Council () are known in China as the lianghui (two organizations). Together they form the only state-sanctioned (registered) Protestant church in mainland China ''(see also: Protestantism in China and Christianity in China.) == History == The three principles of self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work) were first articulated by Henry Venn, General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841–73, and Rufus Anderson, foreign secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.〔.〕〔.〕 The principles were drafted formally during an 1892 conference in Shanghai of Christian missions reflecting an almost unilateral agreement that the future of the Chinese church depended on the indigenization of the leadership, and the finding of sufficiently Chinese modes of worship.〔.〕 Dixon Edward Hoste, head of the China Inland Mission, was known for putting the same principles into practice in the effort of assisting the Chinese to establish their own indigenous churches during the early 20th Century. In 1951, Y. T. Wu (, 1893–1979), a Chinese Christian leader, initiated the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, which promoted a strategy of 'self-governance, self-support, and self-propagation' in order to remove foreign influences from the Chinese churches and to assure the government that the churches would be patriotic to the newly established People's Republic of China. "Three-Self" is a characteristically Chinese way of abbreviating "self-governance, self-support, self-propagation" (). In 1954, 138 Chinese Christian leaders who presented the "Christian Manifesto" to the country, pledging the support of Christians for anti-imperialism, anti-feudalism, and anti-bureaucratic capitalism efforts. The movement, in the eyes of critics, allowed the government to infiltrate, subvert, and control much of organized Christianity. From 1966 to 1976 during the Cultural Revolution, the expression of religious life in China was effectively banned, including even the TSPM. The growth of the Chinese house church movement during this period was a result of all Chinese Christian worship being driven underground for fear of persecution. To counter this growing trend of "unregistered meetings", in 1979 the government officially restored the TSPM after thirteen years of non-existence,〔 and in 1980 the CCC was formed. The primary role of the TSPM was then delegated to liaison with the Government whereas the CCC serves as an ecclesial organisation focusing on the internal management and affairs of the Church. An official survey in 2010 by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences found there were 23 million registered Protestants in China. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Three-Self Patriotic Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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